Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution and distributed as free software. The name comes from the philosophy of South Africa which means "humanity to others" [6]. Ubuntu is designed for the benefit of private use, but the server version of Ubuntu is also available, and has been widely used.Official Ubuntu project is sponsored by Canonical Ltd. which is a company owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. The purpose of the Ubuntu Linux distribution brings the spirit embodied in the philosophy of Ubuntu to the software world. Ubuntu
is a complete Linux-based operating system, freely available, and has
good support from community and professional experts.PhilosophyUbuntu has the following philosophy:
that software should be available free of charge
that application software must be used in each local language and for people who have physical limitations
that users should have the freedom to obtain, modify, and distribute the software in accordance with what they need without any obstruction [7]These freedoms make Ubuntu fundamentally different from proprietary software (proprietary), not only are the tools you need available free of charge, but you also have the right to modify your software until the software works the way you want.History and DevelopmentUbuntu is one of the mainstay of the Debian project. Initial target is to create a Ubuntu Linux desktop operating system is easy to use. Ubuntu is scheduled to be released every 6 months so it can be constantly updated Ubuntu system. [8] [9]Ubuntu was first released on October 20, 2004. Since then, Canonical has released new versions of Ubuntu every six months. Each release is supported for 18 months for system updates, security, and errors (bugs). Every 2 years (version xx.04 with x even number) will get a Long Term Support (LTS) [8] for 3 years to 5 years for the desktop and server editions. But Ubuntu 12:04 which will be released April 2012 will get an update system for 5 years [9]. The extension of this support is to accommodate business and IT users to work on a long cycle and high cost consideration to update the system. [10]Ubuntu software packages from Debian unstable package; Ubuntu using the package format and package management of Debian (APT and Synaptic). Debian and Ubuntu package is often not suitable. Debian package often needs to be regenerated from the source to be used on Ubuntu [11], and vice versa. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian for trying to perubaha-change Ubuntu system leads back to Debian [12], but this is almost never done. Inventor of Debian, Ian Murdock, once said that Ubuntu packages potentially lead too far from Debian [13]. Before every release of Ubuntu, the packages taken from Debian unstable package and merged with Ubuntu modifications. A month before the release, packet capture is stopped and the next job is to make sure the packages are taken to work properly.Ubuntu is now financed by Canonocal Ltd.. On July 8, 2005 Mark Shuttleworth founded the Ubuntu Foundation and establishment provide initial funding of U.S. $ 10 million. The purpose of the establishment of the foundation is to ensure the development and support of all versions of Ubuntu can continue to run. [14]On October 31, 2011, Mark Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 14:04 will support smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs. And the designs were already designed. [15]FeaturesUbuntu is composed of many packages, mostly from the distribution of software licensed under free. However, some drivers use a particular software Proprietary software [16]. License, which generally is the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) and GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), explicitly states that the user can freely run, copy, ferreting, modify, and distribute without any restrictions. But still there is proprietary software that can run on Ubuntu. Ubuntu focuses on usability in the dysfunction availability, security and stability. Ubuntu also focuses on internasionalosasi and accessibility to be able to reach as many people [17]. In terms of safety, the device can sudo to temporarily increase the privilage to perform administrative tasks, so it can continue to root account is locked, and preventing people do not terauthorisasi making system changes or opening security vulnerabilities. [18]Ubuntu Desktop using graphical desktop environment. Before Ubuntu 11.04 graphical user interactions are GNOME Panel, but after version 11.04, turned into Unity. Unity is an interface developed by Canonical that was originally designed for Netbook edition. [19]Ubuntu installed a multipurpose software with many of them
Device document
LibreOffice
OpenOffice (before 11:04)
Browser
Mozilla Firefox
Konqueror (in Kubuntu)
E-Mail browser
Mozilla Thunderbird
Evolution (before Ubuntu 11:10)
Games lightly
Sudoku
Chess
minesand some software is also included in the installation CD before Ubuntu 11.04 sepert Transmission, GIMP. But the software is removed from the installation CD due to its large size. Ubuntu can also run Windows programs through Wine or a Virtual Machine (such as VMware workstation or Virtual Box).Ubuntu, unlike Debian, compile their packages using gcc features such as PIE and Buffer overflow protection to protect their software. Extra security features that add significantly to the use of performance only 1% in 32 bit and 0.01% in 64 bit. [20]
that software should be available free of charge
that application software must be used in each local language and for people who have physical limitations
that users should have the freedom to obtain, modify, and distribute the software in accordance with what they need without any obstruction [7]These freedoms make Ubuntu fundamentally different from proprietary software (proprietary), not only are the tools you need available free of charge, but you also have the right to modify your software until the software works the way you want.History and DevelopmentUbuntu is one of the mainstay of the Debian project. Initial target is to create a Ubuntu Linux desktop operating system is easy to use. Ubuntu is scheduled to be released every 6 months so it can be constantly updated Ubuntu system. [8] [9]Ubuntu was first released on October 20, 2004. Since then, Canonical has released new versions of Ubuntu every six months. Each release is supported for 18 months for system updates, security, and errors (bugs). Every 2 years (version xx.04 with x even number) will get a Long Term Support (LTS) [8] for 3 years to 5 years for the desktop and server editions. But Ubuntu 12:04 which will be released April 2012 will get an update system for 5 years [9]. The extension of this support is to accommodate business and IT users to work on a long cycle and high cost consideration to update the system. [10]Ubuntu software packages from Debian unstable package; Ubuntu using the package format and package management of Debian (APT and Synaptic). Debian and Ubuntu package is often not suitable. Debian package often needs to be regenerated from the source to be used on Ubuntu [11], and vice versa. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian for trying to perubaha-change Ubuntu system leads back to Debian [12], but this is almost never done. Inventor of Debian, Ian Murdock, once said that Ubuntu packages potentially lead too far from Debian [13]. Before every release of Ubuntu, the packages taken from Debian unstable package and merged with Ubuntu modifications. A month before the release, packet capture is stopped and the next job is to make sure the packages are taken to work properly.Ubuntu is now financed by Canonocal Ltd.. On July 8, 2005 Mark Shuttleworth founded the Ubuntu Foundation and establishment provide initial funding of U.S. $ 10 million. The purpose of the establishment of the foundation is to ensure the development and support of all versions of Ubuntu can continue to run. [14]On October 31, 2011, Mark Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 14:04 will support smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs. And the designs were already designed. [15]FeaturesUbuntu is composed of many packages, mostly from the distribution of software licensed under free. However, some drivers use a particular software Proprietary software [16]. License, which generally is the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) and GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), explicitly states that the user can freely run, copy, ferreting, modify, and distribute without any restrictions. But still there is proprietary software that can run on Ubuntu. Ubuntu focuses on usability in the dysfunction availability, security and stability. Ubuntu also focuses on internasionalosasi and accessibility to be able to reach as many people [17]. In terms of safety, the device can sudo to temporarily increase the privilage to perform administrative tasks, so it can continue to root account is locked, and preventing people do not terauthorisasi making system changes or opening security vulnerabilities. [18]Ubuntu Desktop using graphical desktop environment. Before Ubuntu 11.04 graphical user interactions are GNOME Panel, but after version 11.04, turned into Unity. Unity is an interface developed by Canonical that was originally designed for Netbook edition. [19]Ubuntu installed a multipurpose software with many of them
Device document
LibreOffice
OpenOffice (before 11:04)
Browser
Mozilla Firefox
Konqueror (in Kubuntu)
E-Mail browser
Mozilla Thunderbird
Evolution (before Ubuntu 11:10)
Games lightly
Sudoku
Chess
minesand some software is also included in the installation CD before Ubuntu 11.04 sepert Transmission, GIMP. But the software is removed from the installation CD due to its large size. Ubuntu can also run Windows programs through Wine or a Virtual Machine (such as VMware workstation or Virtual Box).Ubuntu, unlike Debian, compile their packages using gcc features such as PIE and Buffer overflow protection to protect their software. Extra security features that add significantly to the use of performance only 1% in 32 bit and 0.01% in 64 bit. [20]
System Requirements
Ubuntu Desktop version now supports the x86 32 bit and 64 bit. Unofficial support is also available for PowerPC, [21] IA-64 (Itanium), Playstation 3 (However Sony have removed support for OtherOS others on 1 April 2011), and several mobile phones. [22] supported GPU is required to run the visual effects such as Unity Shell. In case of inadequate GPU, can be reduced to Unity Unity 2D requiring lower hardware.
| Kebutuhan Minimal[23][24][25][26] | Server | Desktop | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Processor | 300 MHz | 700 MHz | |
| Memory (RAM) | 128 MiB | 384 MiB | |
| Hard Drive (ruang kosong) | 1 GB | 5 GB | |
| Monitor Resolution | 640×480 | 640×480 |
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